TYCHANSKY NATURE RESERVE

In the early morning on the 30th of June 1908 gigantic explosion thundered in Central Siberia on the territory of present Krasnoyarsk region.

According to the modern calculations the explosion (or explosions) which was 2000 times more than nuclear explosion above the Hiroshima destroyed the earth's surface on the territory which is equal to the territory of Europe. If similar explosion happened on the European continent and if it happened nowadays it would be planetary catastrophe for all humanity.

The newspapers of that time reported about this event: "On the 30th of June 1908 at 7.18 in the morning near the railway in the village Philimonovo which is situated not far from Kansk, according to the evidences of eye-witnesses the huge aerolite fell down. The fall was accompanied by awful boom and deafening blow, which was heard on the distance of 40 versts (1 verst = 3500 feet). The passengers of the arriving train were astonished by unusual roar. The train was stopped by machinist and the passengers ran to the place of falling of "sky quest". But it was impossible to look at the unusual stone because it was burning hot. Later different people looked at this stone. According to their stories the aerolite was nearly all under the ground, only the top of it was above the ground. It was stone mass with the size of six cubic sagene (sagene = 2,134 m)."

These messages were printed in several Siberian newspapers. A lot of letters from nature-lovers were sent to the director of Irkutsk observatory A.V. Voznesensky. But scientists were not interested in this phenomenon.

The scientific researches of this event began only in 1921. Leonid Alekseevich Kulik, the investigator from Leningrad, undertook the reconnoitring expedition to the Yenisey province and asked the eye-witnesses about the falling of meteorite.

In summer 1924 S.V. Obruchev was in Krasnoyarsk region. He studied geology and geomorphology of Siberian platform. He knew from L.A. Kulik about the mysterious meteorite and asked local people (Evenki) about this event. Evenkies told him about the huge territory of fallen forest which was situated not far from the settlement Vanavara. But unfortunately Obruchev couldn't visit this place.

In March 1926 I.M.Suslov, the member of Krasnoyarsk regional committee of the North nations help, ethnographer, began to ask Evenkies about the event which took place 20 years ago. He didn't know anything about the investigations of L.A. Kulik, A.V. Voznesensky and S.V. Obruchev.

In 1926 on Evenki Suglan (Assembly) the merchant Suzdalev (he was the owner of those places) prohibited to tell Russian people about the place where the "fire from the sky" had fallen. He intimidated Evenkies and told them that Russian people would kill the animals, catch all fish and Evenkies' children would die from hunger. Shaman encouraged this interdiction and they kept this secret for years .

The investigations moved from Kansky region to the taiga of Podkamenaya Tunguska, to the South marsh in the region of settlement Vanavara on the place of gigantic felling, the total area of which was 2000 km2 (according to the scientists' calculations which were made later). L.A. Kulik went round the felling and was convinced that the most trees' roots were turned to the center of the hollow. It witnessed about the huge power of percussion wave which followed the fall of meteorite.

The first expeditions practically didn't give any results, because the main thing - the substance of sky stone - wasn't found.

In the results of these expeditions Leonid Alekseevich Kulik had to admit that the depressions of earth's surface (which he considered as meteorite craters) were of the nature origin. But in spite of this the problem of Tungus meteorite worried the scientific public. In January 1934 the first All-Union astronomical Congress took place in Moscow. In its resolution the following was written: "Congress considers that the falling of Tungus meteorite on the 30th of June 1908 has great scientific importance. It should be immediately and comprehensively studied".

IV and V Congresses of International astronomical Union which took place in Cambridge and Paris made the analogous resolutions.

Later the Great Patriotic War stopped the investigations of Tungus space catastrophe. These investigations began only at the end of 50th and the beginning of 60th.

A.P. Kazantsev wrote fantastic story about the explosion of UFO in Tungus taiga. It was called "Explosion". This story was the catalyst for the beginning of new expeditions.

Very important documents were published at the very beginning of the new stage of Tungus catastrophe study. These documents obtained more specific information about the trajectory of space body flight. There were two main versions: the fall was from south-west or south-east. Both trajectories were equally probable. But there were new hypothesis about this phenomenon. What it was in reality? There were the following hypothesis: UFO, anti-substance, plasmoid, etc.

Sergey Pavlovich Korolev, the main constructor of space ships, took part in the investigations of Tungus catastrophe. He organized and financed several expeditions to the Tunguska in the hope of finding of UFO fragments. Even future cosmonauts took part in these expeditions. But they had no success, they didn't find any material fractions.

Nowadays the solution of Tungus meteorite mystery has got the international and interstate status. Practically all leading countries of the world are investigating the space catastrophe. It is necessary for the Earth defense from dangerous space objects in future.

In the early 90th the group of Siberian social-state fund "Tungus space phenomenon" took part in this work. It set the task of finding and analyzing the space bodies and establishment of their belonging to the event of 1908. This work was started with the individual estimation of flight eye-witnesses' evidences. Space photos, topo-maps, magnetometer, ferro-magnet and other new devices and equipment were used.

During last years scientists visited South marsh which is situated not far from Vanavara and adjoining regions many times. That's why it was decided not to send the expeditions in this place. Also it was decided to widen the geography of search of space substance and define the new places of "sky guest" contact with Earth's surface (it is known that during Tungus catastrophe "stones from sky" were falling down on the territory of Middle Siberia during half an hour).

The computer analysis of eye-witnesses' evidences was made for specification of trajectory of space body flight. The analysis showed that the trajectory of flight and region of fall were slightly different than it was shown previously.

It is known that the main indexes of space catastrophe (30th of June 1908, 7.15 in the morning, local time) are seismograms and barograms of Irkutsk and other observatories of world. There is no question of other time parameters of Tungus meteorite fall.

Some regions were chosen with the purpose of checking the evidences of eye-witnesses about area, time and flight direction. People often showed to these regions and here the movement of space body was observed. These are the following regions: Yenisey basin, middle and down-stream of Angara, taiga region between Angara and Podkamenaya Tunguska, Irkutsk region.

It was proved that Tungus space body flew from west to east (60 % of eye-witnesses proved the same fact). The investigator of Tungus catastrophe Innokentiy Suslov after the examining of the witnesses determined that the space object flew from west to east. On South marsh he made some sketches of felling trees which are visual evidence of aforesaid. All these investigations he made before L.A. Kulik expedition.

Krasnoyarsk branch of State center "Nature" is carrying out scientific-research and cartographical works on the territory of Middle Siberia during many years. During the decipherment of materials of space survey they found several objects with the configuration which is difficult to explain from the position of earthly origin. It allows to approve that these are the tracks of contact of space bodies with the Earth's surface.

Outward appearance of damages is similar to the tracks which can be formed on the surface in the result of explosion.

At the present moment the group of Siberian social-state fund "Tungus space phenomenon" and specialists of scientific organizations have investigated two plots of damaged territory. In these places anomaly of many elements was found.

The presence of large content of such elements as Si, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, P shows that the interaction of space object with the Earth's surface was exactly in this place. The trees approved that the space catastrophe happened in this region in 1908.

In the places of trees felling a lot of old broken trees were found (sometimes with a very big diameter). The upper parts of trunks are thrown from the lower parts for several meters in the east direction. Some damaged trees were restored and are living now.

On the new founded territories of interaction of space bodies with the Earth's surface the gigantic magnetizing of earth's rocks was founded. Such gigantic magnetizing can appear only because of thunder-clap. These regions are situated in the distance of 200-250 km to the west from the South marsh in Vanavara. The further investigations of these places will allow to unravel the mystery of Tungus meteorite.

The Fund included some south regions of Krasnoyarsk district, the left bank of the river Yenisey, Kansk (in 1908 "stones fell down from the sky" in this place) in the sphere of expeditionary-field works. A lot of melted fragments were found in these places. According to the analyses these fragments are evidently of space origin. Some fragments are more than five milliard years, it means that they are older than Solar System and Earth. Some fragments have in their content full set of rare elements, it is four times higher than in earth's rocks. The world catalogues have no such objects.

In future the Fund's collective is planning to open the Museum of investigations of Tungus space catastrophe of 1908. The fragments of space bodies which were found on the territory of Krasnoyarsk region will be presented in this Museum.

To sum up the investigations of the first stage one can say with certainty that all new equipment and technologies which were used during last years of investigations allow to make another conception of the mystery phenomenon origin. The trajectory of space body (several bodies) flight to the Earth was irrefutable proved - it was from the east to the west.

On the 9th of October 1995 the State nature reserve "Tungusky" was found. The scientific work of nature reserve workers makes a valuable contribution to the studying of "Tungus wonder" on the modern stage.

The nature reserve is nature protected, scientific-research and ecological-enlightenment institution. It is situated in Tungusko-Chunsky region of Evenkiya Autonomy Area of Krasnoyarsk region. The address of nature reserve is: 648490, Evenkiya Autonomy Area, Tungusko-Chunsky region, settlement Vanavara, Moscow street, 8. The total area of nature reserve is 296490 hectares. The territory of nature reserve represents typical region of north east-siberian taiga with typical landscapes. The territory of nature reserve is unique because it keeps imprints of mystery "Tungus catastrophy".

The main purpose of the nature reserve foundation is the study of Evenkiya unique nature complexes and consequences of influence of global space-ecological catastrophe.

Logunova Ludmila Nikolaevna is the director of nature reserve from June 2001. The staff of nature reserve is 25 persons. The main departments are: the protection of nature reserve territory, scientific and ecological-enlightenment.

One of the main departments is the department of protection of nature reserve territory. Elkin Vitaly Nikolaevich is the chief of the department. The main task of this department is to organize and patrol the territory.

The guard service was partly equipped thanks to won grant. Motor vehicles, snow motorcycles, boats and boats engines, saws were bought on the resources of grant. Means of communication and field equipment were also bought. The territory of nature reserve is regular patrolled.

Scientific department is working on the All-Russian program "Nature chronicle". The first volume of nature reserve works has been prepared for the edition.

Complex amateur expedition (CAE) works every summer on the territory of the nature reserve. The scientists from Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Moscow, St.Petersburg take part in these expeditions. Beginning since 1997 the scientists from Italy, Germany, England, Japan, Poland, Sweden have visited the territory of the nature reserve.

The ecological department of the nature reserve was found in April 1999, it makes the ecological-enlightenment activity. The workers of department form ecological consciousness and develop ecological culture among various strata of society. They worked out the project of stationary children ecological camp on the base of nature reserve. Nowadays they are realizing this project. Three ecological-tourist routs were worked out and confirmed: two - water routs, one - foot rout.

In October 2001 the first stage of the building of ethnographical museum under the open sky "Autumn Evenk camp of nomads" was finished. This museum is built on the cordon "Yadulikan" on the resources of regional budget.

At the end of 20th, on the initiative and under leadership of L.A. Kulik the complex of buildings was built in the inter-rivers of Hushma and Kichmu. In 1980 Krasnoyarsk territory executive committee declared this complex the monument of region history and culture. Nowadays this complex includes 4 objects: Kulik's houses on the South slope of mountains Stoikovich and "Landing-stage"- buildings on the left bank of the river Hushma.

Nowadays in Krasnoyarsk negotiations with committee of monuments guarding were finished. In 2002 specialist-restorers will begin the investigation and working out of the scientific-designed documents which are necessary for the restoration of Kulik's houses.

In 2003 it will be 95 years, and in 2008 it will be 100-anniversary from the day of fall of "Tungus meteorite". Spade-works are carrying out nowadays for the deserving celebration of 100-anniversary.